Every Fact We Know

Planets

9 subjects · 36 facts

EarthDistance from Sun149.6 million kmDiameter12,742 kmMoons1Age4.54 billion yearsJupiterDistance from Sun778.5 million kmDiameter139,820 kmKnown moons95+Day9.9 hoursMarsDistance from Sun227.9 million kmDay24.6 hoursMoons2 (Phobos, Deimos)Tallest volcanoOlympus Mons, ~22 kmMercuryDistance from Sun57.9 million kmYear88 Earth daysMoons0Surface swing−173 to 427 °CNeptuneDistance from Sun4.5 billion kmYear164.8 Earth yearsWindsup to ~2,000 km/hKnown moons16PlutoDistance from Sun5.9 billion km avgDiameter2,377 kmMoons5 (Charon largest)Year248 Earth yearsSaturnDistance from Sun1.43 billion kmKnown moons140+DensityLess than waterRing span~280,000 kmUranusDistance from Sun2.87 billion kmAxial tilt98°Year84 Earth yearsKnown moons28VenusDistance from Sun108.2 million kmDay243 Earth days (retrograde)Surface pressure92× EarthSurface temp~465 °C

Moons

4 subjects · 16 facts

EnceladusParentSaturnDiameter504 kmPlumesWater ice + organicsFeedsSaturn's E ringEuropaParentJupiterDiameter3,122 kmOcean depth60–150 km est.VisitorEuropa ClipperThe MoonDistance384,400 kmDiameter3,474 kmHumans walked12Gravity1/6 of Earth'sTitanParentSaturnDiameter5,150 kmAtmosphere95% nitrogenSeas ofLiquid methane

Stars

3 subjects · 12 facts

BetelgeuseDistance~550 light-yearsTypeRed supergiantRadius~750× the SunFateSupernovaProxima CentauriDistance4.24 light-yearsTypeRed dwarf (M5.5)Known planetsProxima b, d (+cand.)VisibleTelescope onlyThe SunAge4.6 billion yearsDiameter1.39 million kmCore temp~15 million °CLight to Earth8 min 20 s

Deep Sky

1 subjects · 4 facts

Sagittarius A*Mass~4 million SunsDistance~26,000 light-yearsImagedEHT, 2022TypeSupermassive black hole

Galaxies

2 subjects · 8 facts

AndromedaDistance2.5 million light-yearsStars~1 trillionApproach speed~110 km/sVisibleNaked eye, dark skiesMilky WayDiameter100,000+ light-yearsStars100–400 billionSun's orbit~230 million yearsTypeBarred spiral

Rockets

9 subjects · 36 facts

Ariane 6Heightup to 62 mPayload to LEOup to 21.6 t (A64)First flightJul 2024OperatorArianespace / ESAElectronHeight18 mPayload to LEO300 kgEngines9 RutherfordFirst flight2017Falcon 9Height70 mPayload to LEO22.8 tFirst landingDec 2015Flights400+New GlennHeight98 mPayload to LEO45 tFirst stage7× BE-4, reusableFirst flightJan 2025Saturn VHeight110.6 mPayload to LEO140 tLiftoff thrust34.5 MNFlights13 (1967–1973)SLSHeight98 m (Block 1)Liftoff thrust39.1 MNPayload to LEO95 tFirst flightNov 2022SoyuzHeight46.3 m (Soyuz-2)Payload to LEO~8.2 tFamily flights1,900+Flying since1957 (R-7 line)StarshipHeight~121 m stackedBooster engines33 RaptorsGoalFull reusabilityRoleArtemis lunar landerVulcan CentaurHeight61.6 mPayload to LEO27.2 tMain engines2× BE-4First flightJan 2024

Spacecraft

5 subjects · 20 facts

Crew DragonFirst crewed flightMay 2020Seats4 (up to 7)DockingFully autonomousReusableYesInternational Space StationMass~420 tSpan109 mCrewed sinceNov 2000Orbit~400 km, 93 minOrionCrew4Service moduleESA-builtArtemis I record432,210 km from EarthHeat shieldReentry at ~40,000 km/hStarlinerFirst crewed flightJun 2024Seatsup to 7LandingLand, on airbagsRocketAtlas V / VulcanTiangongModulesTianhe, Wentian, MengtianCompleted2022Crew3Orbit~390 km

Telescopes

3 subjects · 12 facts

Chandra X-ray ObservatoryLaunchedJul 23, 1999SeesX-raysOrbit apogee~139,000 kmNamed forS. ChandrasekharHubble Space TelescopeLaunchedApr 24, 1990Mirror2.4 mOrbit~535 km LEOServicing missions5James Webb Space TelescopeLaunchedDec 25, 2021Mirror6.5 m, 18 segmentsOrbitSun–Earth L2Operating temp~40 K

Missions

8 subjects · 32 facts

ApolloCrewed landings6 (Apollo 11–17)Moonwalkers12Samples returned382 kgRocketSaturn VArtemisFirst flightArtemis I, Nov 2022 (uncrewed)VehicleSLS + OrionTargetLunar south polePartnersESA, JAXA, CSA + commercialCassini–HuygensAt Saturn2004–2017Huygens landingTitan, Jan 2005Orbits of Saturn294FinaleAtmospheric entry, 2017CuriosityLandedAug 2012, Gale CraterPowerPlutonium RTGMass899 kgStatusActiveDragonflyDestinationTitanType8-rotor rotorcraftLaunchNET 2028Arrival~2034New HorizonsLaunchedJan 2006Pluto flybyJul 14, 2015Second targetArrokoth, 2019StatusIn the Kuiper BeltPerseveranceLandedFeb 2021, Jezero CraterCarriedIngenuity helicopterMissionSample cachingStatusActiveVoyagerLaunched1977 (both)InterstellarV1 in 2012, V2 in 2018V1 distance24+ billion kmPayloadThe Golden Record

Organizations

9 subjects · 36 facts

Blue OriginFounded2000FounderJeff BezosRocketsNew Shepard, New GlennEnginesBE-4, BE-3BoeingFounded1916Space programsSLS core, Starliner, ISSHeadquartersArlington, VirginiaHeritageSaturn V S-IC stageEuropean Space AgencyFounded1975Member states22HeadquartersParisSpaceportKourou, French GuianaLockheed MartinFormed1995 mergerPrime forOrionMars heritageEvery NASA Mars lander aeroshellHeadquartersBethesda, MarylandNASAFounded1958HeadquartersWashington, D.C.Budget~$25B/yearMoon landings6 crewedNorthrop GrummanFormed1994 mergerPrime forJWSTCargo shipCygnusHeadquartersFalls Church, VirginiaRocket LabFounded2006FounderPeter BeckRocketsElectron, NeutronLaunch sitesMahia NZ, Wallops USRoscosmosFormed1992Crewed shipSoyuz (since 1967)SpaceportBaikonurHeritageSputnik, Vostok, MirSpaceXFounded2002FounderElon MuskFirst orbitFalcon 1, 2008FleetFalcon 9, Starship, Dragon

These are the Atlas’s own facts, written for each subject and shown here unchanged — nothing on this page is inferred, computed or aggregated. Figures that change, like where a planet is tonight, are not here: those live on the subject’s own page where they can be dated. Photography from Wikimedia Commons, credited on each subject’s entry. Sources →